Menopause officially marks the end of periods. This means pregnancy succumbs. Ovaries are not able to release eggs and oestrogen. Women can no longer have a baby naturally. The average age to enter this phase is 46.2 years in India. But a certain percentage of females continue with their menstruation till the age of 51. There are many stages to this process. This includes perimenopause and post-menopause. All of them are a part of this transition. Yet each one comes with unique sets of symptoms and management options.
It is crucial to learn about each one. This will help you navigate the challenges better. You can also discuss your questions and concerns with the gynaecologist.
Perimenopause
These are the years that are leading up to a state of menopause. It usually lasts for about 4 years. But few women can experience the same for a few months. This stage ends when you go without periods for 12 months at a stretch. The level of oestrogen will rise and fall during this phase. You are less likely to ovulate. Women also experience irregular periods and changes in menstrual bleeding.
The common symptoms are:
- Vaginal dryness and discomfort during sex
- Pain and tenderness in the breasts
- Hot flashes and night sweats
- Leaking urine while coughs and sneezes
It is crucial to visit a trusted maternity hospital in Bangalore or your city. Highly qualified gynaecologists can rule out the possibilities of other complications, if any.
Menopause
Hitting menopause means you will no longer menstruate. The oestrogen and progesterone will vary greatly. The body is usually low on energy with bouts of fatigue. The bones start to become brittle and less dense. This increases the risks of dislocations and fractures. You can expect mood swings and degrading mental health. Sleep disruptions, weight gain, loss of breast fullness and thinning hair are other prominent symptoms of menopause.
The first line of menopause treatment is hormone therapy. Vaginal oestrogen, non-hormone medicines and medications for osteoporosis are other options. Low dose anti-depressants are prescribed as well in case you are severely anxious or stressed.
Post Menopause
This is the phase when you did not have periods for 12 months or longer. You might continue to experience menopausal symptoms during this stage. This is when women are usually at an increased risk of several health complications. For example, cognitive decline, dementia, obesity, depression, cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis are common.
A series of tests are performed by your gynaecologist. This will include pelvic exams, pap smears, cancer screenings, immunizations and bone density scans. It will help them detect potential causes of complications at this phase. You must talk to your doctor beforehand since risks usually vary from woman to woman. Vaginal bleeding or constant dizziness will require immediate medical intervention too.
It is crucial to take proper care of yourself through the entire course of menopause. Have a balanced meal packed with essential nutrients. Consider at-home menopause treatments like 7-8 hours of sleep, socialization and regular exercises. You can always fall back upon your gynaecologists for advanced care, if necessary.